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"Autumn 04"
 
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   Planet Blue:
Diver in the Picture:
By: Anders Jälmsjö

Underwater photography serves different purposes for different divers. Some wish to document the marine life that they have encountered to show family and friends, others want to give their memories eternal life by keeping photos in an album.

And for some, underwater photography is a form of art. Whatever the reason might be, most divers at one time or another bring an underwater camera on a dive or two. The object and results vary of course with dive as well as photo experience.
During my five years in Hurghada I have seen most of the different kinds.

One thing that most rolls of film have in common though, is that many of the photos show a diver underwater, an underwater model.

Depending on training, experience and reason, you can divide the underwater models into two groups. “Happy snapped buddy picture” and “Arranged rehearsed model picture”.
The first category is suitable for family albums while the other ends up in dive magazines and art calendars.

The happy buddy in a picture often shows a diver in action. Wether swimming through a wreck or over a coral reef the buddy is not an integral part of the picture and the photo would still be complete without their presence.

The model in a photograph is often used to highlight or accentuate the main feature of the picture meaning the picture would loose its full effect if the model were not present.
To get someone to model for you may prove as difficult as to get a good shot. Most people prefer to explore the wreck or the reef rather than hang motionless in mid-water waiting for you to get the settings right.

One value of using a model in an under water photo can be to increase the interest of the object.
By having the model look at a Scorpion fish and point a torch at it, makes the Scorpion fish more interesting.
Another way is to let a beautiful diver with a colourful wetsuit that the photographer purposely places as a part of the picture, become an object itself.

To use a model when photographing under water is not as easy as it might seem. First of all the model has to be a very good diver who can move into position quickly and then stay in one place for the time the photographer needs to shoot the frame.
The photographer and the model also must be able to communicate almost on a telepathic level. A moving object does not hang around forever so it is important that the model knows what the photographer wants through small and quick signals.
Buoyancy control is very important. At the same time as the model is trying to avoid touching the bottom or the ceiling in a cave, the model must look relaxed and interested whilst concentrating on leaving no exhalation bubbles.

You can’t ask the model to hold her breath so the photographer has to learn and feel the rhythm of the models breathing to either get no bubbles at all or place them where he wants them in the frame.

There are a few rules as to where to put the model in the picture. The rule of thirds is one. It means that you divide the frame into three equally sized parts horizontally and three equally sized parts vertically.
In the opposite diagonal crossing points you would find the model and the object creating a balance. When using a model most photographers operate with a wide-angle lens.

This means that there is a lot of area to fill in the frame and a model is often placed to fill an empty space. This helps to give the picture balance. The model can either be close enough for all the details, like the face and equipment to show, or in the distance.
In this case you would let the strobe light up only the object in the front of the picture and leave the model as a silhouette, maybe with the sun in the background and sunbeams spreading out over the frame.

For years I’ve been trying to improve my under water photography and I have been fortunate enough to gain a lot of knowledge from my friend and colleague, the professional underwater photographer Kimmo Hagman whom I’ve worked with for the last five years.
Wide-angle photography with models is one of his many specialties and I have learned most of what I know from him.

Two of the most valuable tips Kimmo has given me are “Of course rules are there to be broken”, and “Step away from the stereotype composition and create your own style, this makes your pictures different and interesting.”



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Freediving Team Event 2004:
By: Yehia M. Safwat
Egypt came very close to winning the bid to host the "4th AIDA Freediving Team World Championships 2004" but in the final vote Canada won by the closest of margins. Freediving is perhaps the oldest sport known to man kind, yet it is one of the least understood or followed sports in today's sport media. When we compare what a professional footballer earns and what it is that he has to do and what a freediver earns and is capable of doing, it makes no sense. In order for all our readers to appreciate this wonderful sport and events of the World Championship in Vancouver I have to explain a tiny bit about this sport that is at the top of the extreme sports and Egypt is where it all started.

Man, some believe, came from the sea. Regardless of this, we know that we had to live by water in order to survive and it's no wonder that the ancient Egyptian civilization had not only two seas (the Mediterranean as well as the Red Sea), but the most famous of fresh water bodies, the glorious Nile. There are Pharonic tombs that have ancient drawings of many of the aquatic creatures found in the Red Sea, as well as breath - hold swimmers.

Now that we have established that freediving is an old sport, lets look at this sport in detail. Freediving in its simplest form is breath holding, yet it has many different and equally challenging disciplines and the main three that are included in official competitions are Constant Ballast, Static Apnea and finally, (although not included in the over all scoring), Dynamic Apnea. Constant Ballast is the most respected form of freediving and is regarded by the athletes as the pure form of freediving. Constant Ballast is when a freediver (wearing a wetsuit, mask, fins and weights - if any) descends on one breath and the deepest diver wins. By the way, each athlete must declare his performance prior to the dive and for each meter of depth achieved a point is awarded. Dropping the weight, passing out (called blackout) or pulling on the rope are all some of the ways of getting a disqualification in Constant Ballast.

The previous World Record for Constant Ballast, set in competition in Cyprus this past June, belonged to Carlos Coste of Venezuela, the first man in history to break the 100 meter mark in the Constant Ballast category, a depth thought impossible at the turn of the millennium. Carlos descended to a depth of 102 m with ease and in fact he was whistling within seconds of his ascent! Carlos's dive time was roughly four minutes total.

This past September in Greece, Martin Stepanek from the Czech Republic descended to a depth of 103 m, setting a new World Record in Constant Ballast.

Officially in all AIDA (Association for International Development of Apnea) World Championships, Static Apnea is the discipline that shocks the crowd and as I mentioned is one of the two disciplines to be included in Championships. When we were children and even as adults we have all at one point or another held our breath, whether in a swimming pool or a bathtub it doesn’t really matter. In official AIDA competitions on one breath the athlete must have his whole airway submersed in the water to begin timing the Static Breath hold. Each five seconds of breathhold equals one point.

Herbert Nitsch from Austria was renowned as the king of Static until Martin Stepanek from the Czech Republic and Tom Sietas from Germany came along! Martin holds the current World Record in Static Apnea with a breath hold of 8'06" and Tom has broken that record with an impressive 8'47", however ratification of his new world record is still pending.
The last category of freediving, which along with Static Apnea is likely to be an Olympic Sport, is Dynamic Apnea, Peter Pedersen from Denmark holds the current World Record (with fins) with a distance of 200 m! This discipline is usually conducted in a swimming pool and what is required of the athlete is to see how far they can fin horizontally on one breath. Now don’t tell me that you have never tried that before, with or without fins! This year at the Summer Olympics in Athens, when the underwater cameras were filming the swimmers from below, just imagine what the athletes would have looked like with their power carbon fiber stereo fins or mono fins - just wait until Beijing! Although this discipline was not included in the overall point tally in Vancouver, if all works out as planned it looks like the next host for the 2006 AIDA Freediving Team World Championship will be obliged to include it due to a vote of interest held during a meeting about the "Future of AIDA" in Vancouver.

Unfortunately this championship was very poorly attended and instead of the 30 Nations that were expected only a fraction showed up - actually about one third. Not to mention that the top three ranked men's teams in the world were not there. Cold waters and expensive, long flights were some of the reasons to blame for the poor attendance. Although the list of the participating countries would be classified as "B Category" if you will, this doesn’t mean that there weren’t world record holders participating. It just means that there were some top athletes not there and that victory would be marred by "what if's" amongst other points of negative discussions.

In the Constant Ballast there were some National Records set but the deepest man was far off the mark of the 102 m of Carlos Coste or the 103 m of Martin Stepanek for that matter. In fact the deepest male athlete was almost 30 m off the world record!

In the Static Apnea, the "pending" world record holder Tom Sietas was there and he performed in a very professional way to ensure his team the victory, obviously it was no where near his personal best of 8'47", but remember this is a team event and the emphasis is on the total team tally which is made up of three athletes, not just one individual.

So needless to say there was some strategy war going on between the men's teams from Germany, Great Britain and Canada. The Greek and Japanese teams lost any chance of winning a medal when both teams suffered a disqualification. The Canadian Men's team came in a respectable third considering that it was fielding their "B Team" representing the host nation. Great Britain had their best ever performance and took advantage of what seemed a weak field by placing second in the men's teams, leaving the Germans sitting pretty on the throne of Freediving in first place. I have to point out that the German team had the best ever team score in any World Championship and nothing can be taken away from them for that!

The ladies event was missing three of the top five teams in the world ranking list. With France and Italy not there, the fight was on between the USA and Canada. American Tanya Streeter the Double World Record Holder in the No Limits Category with an astonishing depth of 160 m and Variable Weight to a depth of 122 m was not competing this time, but present as a judge on the jury of the competition.

The women's constant ballast saw Mandy-Rae Cruickshank the Constant Weight World Record Holder with a depth of 78 m and captain of the Canadian team, descend to 68 m, making her the deepest woman ever in competition! There where a few national records in this competition but it was the Canadian Ladies team that stole the lime light by winning the overall title for the second time in succession, with the USA following in second position, while the German's took third place. Can the Canadian Ladies make it a third time in a row in 2006? We'll just have to wait and see!

As the bid to hold the "5th AIDA Freediving Team World Championship 2006" is still in process, we look to the many reasons that it would be in the best interests of the sport to host it in Egypt. The geographical position of Egypt and the wonderful waters of the Red Sea with its friendly conditions, warmth, clarity and rich marine life, are but a few. The bid for 2006 is between Egypt and Japan. The vote to decide the winner will take place in early 2005 and until then we are working hard to win those votes! We look forward to a positive outcome and to Hurghada being the next host of the "5th AIDA Freediving Team World Championship 2006"!

Note: I would like to remind the readers that freediving is a potentially dangerous sport and advise you not to attempt freediving or any breath holding activities alone. Team-Egypt, AIDA-Egypt and Bubbles Diving College are willing to assist you in learning about freediving in a professional and safe atmosphere. Please contact the editor of H2O Magazine for more information.



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Russian Roulette - revisited:
By: Karim Helal

In our last issue we published an article called Russian roulette and deep air diving after the double tragic death of two Russian divers diving deep on air.

Unfortunately, in this issue we are revisiting the Russian Roulette scenario in the wake of yet another deep air fatality. This happened on the 19th of September when two Russian divers, (an IDC staff instructor and an assistant instructor), who were on a southern safari decided, despite their supposed knowledge and experience, to practice deep air diving on air with a single tank each.

The result, after a dive to 91 meters (where the PPO2 is more than 2 ATA),was that one of the two divers did not survive and was later found dead on the surface.
What more can we say about deep air diving?

Please revisit our article in the previous issue and if you are still intent on killing yourself on deep air, all we can say is ‘PLEASE DO IT SOMEWHERE ELSE’.



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A Pearl of a week on the M/V Oyster:
By: Daniel Lion, Diving Product Manager Longwood Holidays UK

Although I have been working in the dive travel industry and been a qualified diver for the last 10 years, until recently I had yet to fulfil an ambition that I have had since the start. As bizarre as it may seem, I had never taken a Red Sea Liveaboard and never dived the Brothers Islands.

So on September 3rd I embarked on a trip that I will remember for a long while to come.

The trip with my fiancé Beth had been planned for some months, so, following the incident of the 8th August, when 12 divers that included 4 of our (Longwood Holidays) clients had been swept away from Little Brother, and were lost at sea for nearly 14 hours, timing could not have been better. It gave me a chance to not only experience world class diving but also reassure myself that Longwood Holidays should continue sending divers on liveaboards to remote and challenging areas.

Beth learned to dive in september last year and completed her PADI AOW soon after. She had 25 logged dives and was a little apprehensive as to what lay ahead. As she has great confidence in the water and the minimum requirements for a trip of this nature (50 logged dives or Advanced Open Water), I was sure that the trip to the Brothers would only further her competence and enhance her appetite for the underwater realm.

We arrived at Hurghada Airport to be courteously greeted by a representative of M/V Oyster who efficiently had our visa stamps ready to be stuck inside our passports before whisking us through passport control.

From here we proceeded to the bus waiting to take us to the Tourist Port where M/V Oyster waited.
After being helped aboard followed by our luggage, we were introduced to the crew and fellow passengers before being shown to our cabin and familiarising ourselves with the layout of the boat. Our spacious, air-conditioned cabin with panoramic window, en suite bathroom facilities that included shower and WC was just as expected and provided a comfortable home for the week. There are another 3 cabins on the Lido deck, all considered deluxe, with panoramic windows; 3 with twin beds and 1 with a double bed. The remaining 6 cabins with portholes had bunks in the standard cabins and twin beds in the remaining 2 deluxe cabins which are found below deck.
The sun deck is spacious, with a huge cushioned areas and 2 chaise longues, ideal for sun worshippers, and a shaded area for the more cautious with a fridge to keep drinks cool.

Once familiar with our new home we heard something a little unfamiliar that was soon to become our new timepiece. The ship’s bell was used to signal dive briefings and mealtimes, the only events apart from sleeping that mattered this week.

Seeing as we had just arrived and were still in port we assumed it was time for dinner, so made our way to the lounge area.

Here we were treated to a three course, sit down meal served by our attentive crew. Breakfast and lunch is buffet style and dinner is served every evening by the dive guides doubling as waiters. Do not go on a liveaboard expecting to lose weight.

Each day follows a similar schedule. Dive, eat, sleep, dive, eat, sleep, dive, eat, sleep, dive, eat, sleep, is about as complicated as it gets. So, on day two after a half decent night’s sleep, leaving port at about 7.30 a.m and heading towards Safaga we were woken at about 8.30 a.m by a knock on the door. Just enough time to get ourselves out of bed and ready for breakfast followed by a slide show boat briefing and comprehensive dive briefing. On all occasions this briefing included the name and description of the dive site, including topography, points of interest, hazards to avoid, problem avoidance, water conditions, depth range, maximum dive time, entry and exit techniques, suggested course to follow etc.

We were to dive Tobia Arbaa as a first dive. Having opted for a Nitrox course whilst onboard, which is the one of many courses available to divers fortunate enough to dive from the M/V Oyster, we analysed our air and kitted up. We were now anxious to hit the water, which we did from the dive platform on the stern.

As usual the first dive is used to re-acquaint those who haven’t been in the water for a while. So, after a giant stride into the seductive crystal clear waters and a quick weight check we were once again in this fascinating underwater world.

Also named the ‘Seven Pillars’, Tobia Arbaa is comprised of several tall and narrow ergs adorned with soft coral that rise from a sandy bottom and display a fascinating landscape of soft corals, Anthias, Glass fish, Gorgonians, Giant Puffer fish, Blue Spotted rays, Lionfish, Scorpionfish, Moray eels and octopii.
To our surprise, as we rounded one of the Erg’s, a giant moray eel venturing from his crevice came swimming by providing some of the photographers amongst us a chance to shoot a few test shots before we reached the Brothers. We surfaced after just under an hour having spent much of a relaxing dive admiring the diversity of life to be found on this site local to Safaga and envisaged what lay ahead.
The crew need to be satisfied that all divers are comfortable with their kit and dive procedures before moving further offshore, so the next dive was at Tobia Island, a short ride away by zodiac. The briefing followed the same format but this time we were informed of the drill for diving from the zodiac. M/V Oyster has two zodiacs in the water simultaneously to ferry divers to the dive sites and back if necessary. Divers board the zodiac from the dive platform with all their kit in place minus their fins, which are handed to the zodiac driver and donned once aboard. Once at the dive site a dive guide will do a backward roll from the zodiac and check the current before signalling to the other divers that it is safe to follow him/her into the water or not.
Most entries from the zodiac are negative entries (negatively buoyant), allowing divers to quickly descend below the surface to avoid any surface currents that may take them off course from the reef or dive site below.
At least one zodiac will then track the planned course of the dive and follow bubbles if visible, so when the first divers surface, transport back to the M/V Oyster is never far away. During this time a deck watch also looks out from the sundeck of the Oyster with binoculars to notify the zodiac driver of any divers surfacing out of his sight. As an extra measure the zodiac driver also has communication with the Oyster via 2-way radio.
During our stay it was mentioned that Oyster were soon to be investing in Personal Locator Beacons (PLB’s) or Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRB’s), that would be attached to dive guides and work within a 16 kilometre radius, to track their whereabouts above the waterline.

At the end of the dive we surface to see the zodiac close by, give the OK signal and wait until the driver moves in close enough to grab hold of the side, take off our weight belt, and slip out of our scuba units which are hauled into the zodiac. The deep water exit, with one big fin kick and a bit of muscle power, doesn’t prove too much of a problem for most but looking at some, “beached whale” springs to mind. Once safely collected we are whizzed back on board Oyster whilst the zodiac goes back out for a second sortie to collect the remaining divers.
The majority of dives at the Brothers are performed from the zodiac so this is a taster of what we had to look forward to.

After conducting two local dives on the first day we were all raring to get motoring down to the Brothers. Before long we were on our way, soon after which the bell rang. Briefing? No, it couldn’t be, we were six hours from the Brothers, so if it wasn’t diving, it was food, time for lunch, even if it did seem like we’d only just had breakfast. One thing you certainly won’t get on a trip on the M/V Oyster is hungry.

Most of us moved upstairs to the sundeck to catch a few rays after our buffet lunch where the choice varied daily from soup to start, followed by salads, rice, spaghetti bolognaise, vegetables, kofta, chicken, fish, meat and more, cooked on each occasion in a different style and flavour. Just as I was drifting off a strange wailing noise soon had me back on my toes. Startled, I jumped up to see other passengers scrambling for their cameras as a pod of Spinner dolphins were energetically bow jumping and entertaining us with their acrobatic show. This is for sure one of the beauties of liveaboard diving, you never know what is going to appear from beneath the waves.

The second night on board was an early one. Dinner was followed by a a chat on the lido deck and then bed. I was not adverse to getting up early but I thought Beth was going to throw me overboard when she heard that wake up was at 6 a.m. After clarifying that she didn’t have to get up at the crack of dawn if she didn’t want to, I explained that dawn was the best time for action underwater, so she decided that she was not going to miss out.

Day three saw us woken at 6 a.m, quickly followed by a 7 a.m dive on Big Brother. After dive three we embarked on the 800 metre voyage to Little Brother for dive four and to stay for the next two days. Although we had a fantastic days diving and Beth made her first wreck dives on the Aida followed by the Numidia, both blanketed with stunning hard and soft corals and home to many reef species, we hadn’t encountered a great deal of pelagic activity. Just to make Beth feel even better about getting up at 6 a.m the rest of the group saw a Manta ray on the third dive of the day on the Numidia. So not only did they not have to get up early to see it, but they saw it and we didn’t.

The next day on Little Brother proved to be the turning point. Again we got up for the early morning dive to hang out in the blue and see not much more than a few jacks and some barracuda. On returning to the boat we were to hear stories of Hammerheads and Grey Reef sharks. Poor Beth’s face, to think she had got up at an hour that she didn’t even know existed to miss all the action, again! I convinced her that it would all happen when she was least expecting it. “OK, but no more early morning dives” she pleaded.
With few expectations we entered the water for the second dive of the day. Five minutes after sinking below the surface I spotted a shark’s silhouette in the blue. As it came closer I signalled to Beth pointing so that she could follow my finger so as not to miss the Grey Reef shark as it glided past. Her face lit up, it was her first ever sighting of a shark and one she had longed for since booking this trip back in June. Before we had a chance to exchange glances, another familiar shape appeared, this time much closer to the surface. This time a Dolphin. This time Beth smiled so hard her mask flooded due to a huge grin on her face which allowed water to come gushing in. After clearing her mask we were graced by the presence of yet another Grey Reef shark. Not bad going for someone who was just about to give up on diving and hit the sun bed.
Getting low on air we decided it was time to head back to the boat. We were close enough not to need the zodiac’s assistance so swam slightly against the current at 5 metres. Under the boat yet another surprise was waiting. During a briefing we had been informed that Silky sharks often made appearances under the boat at Little Brother. This was our lucky day as we had at least five minutes in the water with the inquisitive Silky shark coming very close to check us out. Soon we were joined by many of the other divers who also spent some time with the Silky.

We celebrated the end of a great day with a few beers and some DIY party games with some of the other guests and crew. Life on a liveaboard is pretty dependant on making your own entertainment and that is what we did.
Our last day on Little Brother had even more unexpected encounters in store. After we returned to the boat after a pretty uneventful first dive, I spotted a shark and signalled to Beth. It appeared to be somewhat larger with a huge rounded dorsal fin and large pectoral fins. After realising that we were the only divers around and the shark was an Oceanic White Tip, I approached with caution but the shark disappeared into the blue. Excitedly, we clambered back on board and reported our sighting. The sceptical response was soon dispelled as our Oceanic showed on the surface a short while after lunch. Without hesitation, guests and crew donned masks, fins and snorkels, grabbed cameras and jumped in. The shark spent some time checking them out and a few encounters were a little too close for comfort. For a long while after, the shark stayed around the boat so a few of us opted to descend and hang around under the hull for the next dive. Anticipating some close encounters, with camera in hand and the Oceanic visible from the surface we made giant stride entries, got into position and waited. In the distance about 20 metres below us a Hammerhead passed by. We realised that the last couple of days really were going to be remembered forever.

What a treat to have seen: Grey Reef, Silky, Oceanic White Tip sharks and Dolphins in their natural habitat in the space of 24 hours.
It wasn’t long before the Oceanic was back, passing frequently overhead and at eye level. For the next forty minutes we were treated to a spectacle that I had only dreamed of. She made pass after pass almost posing for the camera on the way.

Back on board we relayed our stories only to find out that there were now two Oceanics and a Silky below the boat. Hoping that they would still be around, three of us opted to hang on a line under the boat for a while for our last dive of the day. Again we waited in anticipation for around 20 minutes. Nothing, except a Barracuda and hundreds of Fusiliers. In a flash the fusiliers disappeared and into sight came the Oceanic accompanied by a large Silky.
This time a little more inquisitive and nervous looking, she came very close, brushing and nosing the hang tank directly in front of us at 5 metres. Her movement seemed different and more deliberate as she came closer to examine us, brushing us as she passed. It appeared as though we were not particularly welcome in her kingdom.

The Silky hung back seeming to be an observer but still remained close as we kept an eye on the two of them as they circled us. After thirty minutes or so of very close interaction,
I grabbed the ladder and hauled myself out of the water with great urgency. To my surprise everybody else on board was watching the spectacle of these two inquisitive sharks from above and fell about laughing at the sight of me exiting the water without my feet even touching the ladder.

It took me a while to calm down, for my heart rate to return to normal and the adrenalin to stop pumping around my body. That evening I went to sleep with magical memories of a truly fantastic day.
The next day was spent at Big Brother diving the Aida and the Numidia before heading back to Safaga for the last day of diving on Middle reef and the Salem Express.

Having dived many Red Sea resorts and renowned world-class diving destinations around the world, I have to say the boat, the crew, the other guests and of course the diving all contributed to one of the greatest diving trips I have ever taken. Both of us very much look forward to returning to the southern Red Sea very soon. Perhaps next time we will venture a little further south to check out the Hammerheads and anything else that Daedelus, Zabargad, Rocky and St Johns has to throw at us.



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