Endemic marine lives are those that occur only at the RED SEA and nowhere else in the world. The intention of this series of article is to spot the attention of the Red Sea lovers for this kind of rare animals to do their best to protect them, as this is the only realm at which you can only find.
CAUSES OF ENDEMISM The changing world - the theory of continental drift suggests that between 200 and 80 million years ago the single 'supercontinent' Pangea broke up into areas now recognizable as our modern continents.
Once areas became isolated from each other, their animal and plant life evolved indifferent way. The end of the Red Sea (Bab el Mandeb) the channel that separates it from the Gulf of Aden is narrow and shallow. This restricts the flow of water between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean and hence restricts the movement of reef fish. The consequence is that many fish species in the Red Sea, particularly reef fish such as butterfly fish, have evolved in relative isolation from their cousins outside. This results in distinct species that are endemic to the area. More than 1000 species of fish can be found in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, these are all considered here as Red Sea endemics.
Lets give you two example from fishes and corals.
Banner fish:-
Amongst the most beautiful and brightly colored reef fishes are the butterfly. There are 6 species endemic to the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. The most famous fish among them which many of diving center (Jasmine and Easy divers) are using it as the banner is the Red Sea bannerfish (Heniochus intermedius). The butterflyfishes are typically feeders on corals polyps, hydroids, small crabs, shrimps and worms. But Red Sea bannerfish feed on zooplankton and small invertebrates. this fish are always territorial and divers found them in pairs or group especially at the Gotta Abu Ramada East with the yellow Mashed butterflyfish from 4m,geter to 30 meter depth.
Brain coral: -
There are hundreds of the coral species all over the world. The Red Sea is known to contain more than 300 species of hard and soft coral. Close to 10% of these species are endemic to the Red Sea ,each one of them Having adapted over thousands of years of evolution to specific environmental conditions. One of the endemic species are brain coral (Erythrastrea flabellata) is often form hemispherical mounds, but are characterized by their unique distribution of pale cream polyps which grow in the winding pattern, giving a brain-like appearance. They leave at reef slopes protected from wave action from 5 meter to 20 meter depth.
THREATS TO Red Sea ENDEMIC SPECIES
Natural extinction has always occurred; indeed the number of extinct species far Outweighs those alive today. But human activities are now changing the natural World at a rate unprecedented in evolutionary history, and mass extinction of Species are a virtual certainty.
The threads causes are:-
Curio trade
A species endemic to Red Sea, is also under threat as it is sold for aquarium
Pets eg coral fishes.
Introduced species
Species that have been introduced either accidentally or Deliberately, may wipe out the local species becaus they have evolved in other Environments. The local species may have few defenses against such predators.
Destruction of habitats
Human activities, like urban development and Pollution. Like turtles and new resorts beaches.
How to protect Red Sea ENDEMIC SPECIES?
Conserving the entire range of the world's biological wealth requires action in both areas of endemic species and areas of high biological diversity. Technologies aimed at maintaining ecosystems include protected areas, land use, Planning, zoning systems, and regulations on permissible activities. By means of conservation, not only will the balance of nature be maintained but Also in turn it will enrich our lives. By helping our precious fauna and flora to Survive we shall also be contributing to our own survival!
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